All thinkers

Mystic · Medieval

St. Catherine of Siena

1347–1380 · Dominican lay mysticism

Doctor of the Church Latin Thomism · Sapiential and spiritual Thomism

Doctor of the Church, declared 1970 by St. Paul VI; patroness of Italy and of Europe.

A Dominican tertiary of Siena who never learned to write until late in life, Catherine dictated the Dialogue, in which God the Father speaks to the soul of the bridge that is Christ, the cell of self-knowledge, discretion, and the “blood” by which the Church is washed. She nursed plague victims, converted condemned men, rebuked and consoled popes, and persuaded Gregory XI to return from Avignon to Rome.

Why he matters: She is the witness that the mystic's love of Christ and love of His Church are one: fierce loyalty to the Pope as “sweet Christ on earth,” combined with equally fierce demands for his reform.

School of Thomism · Sapiential and spiritual Thomism

Pieper, Chenu, Pinckaers and Bouyer: Thomas as a spiritual master and a theologian of the Gospel, whose Summa is built on the beatitudes and the gifts of the Spirit, whose ethics is a morality of happiness and virtue, and who ended by calling all he had written straw. The recovery of Thomas's own spirituality against the manuals.

Others in this strand: Josef Pieper, Marie-Dominique Chenu, OP, Servais Pinckaers, OP, Louis Bouyer, Dante Alighieri

Reading

  • The Dialogue
    St. Catherine of Siena (trans. Suzanne Noffke, OP) · The whole doctrine; begin with the treatise on Discretion.
  • Letters (selections)
    St. Catherine of Siena · Especially those to Gregory XI and Urban VI.
  • Catherine of Siena
    Sigrid Undset · A novelist's biography, deeply Catholic and historically careful.

Documented positions

Where this thinker stands on each dispute the test covers.

Settled teaching Its center Open question Beyond teaching, not condemned Condemned error
I

God and Being · What is, and whence it is.

Can reason know that God exists? Natural theology
Fideism or agnosticism Natural theology
How is God related to the world? Creation from nothing
Pantheism or emanation Creation from nothing
Is the world governed by purpose? Providence and final causes
Chance and mechanism Providence and final causes
How should we speak of God? Between
Apophatic (negative) way Cataphatic (analogical) way
II

Faith, Reason and Truth · How we know, and whom we trust.

Faith and reason: who has the last word? Fideism
Rationalism Fideism
Where does knowledge begin? Illumination and innate ideas
Senses and abstraction Illumination and innate ideas
Is truth objective? Objective truth
Relativism and pragmatism Objective truth
Who interprets revelation? Living Tradition and Magisterium
Private judgment Living Tradition and Magisterium
What is theology for? A wisdom ordered to loving
A science ordered to knowing A wisdom ordered to loving
Are the world's learning and arts a danger or a gift? Between
A danger: Athens has nothing to do with Jerusalem A gift to be baptized
III

The Human Person · Soul, body, freedom and the Fall.

Is there a spiritual soul? Immortal spiritual soul
Mind is brain Immortal spiritual soul
Are you free? Free will
Determinism Free will
How fallen is human nature? Totally depraved
Totally depraved Basically good
The body and its desires Contempt for the flesh
Contempt for the flesh Desire as its own law
Marriage, sex and the body's meaning Given by nature and grace
Given by nature and grace Defined by consent and identity
What is suffering for? A share in the Cross
An evil to be relieved A share in the Cross
IV

The Moral Life · Law, virtue, conscience and the good.

Rules or character? Morality of virtue and beatitude
Morality of obligation Morality of virtue and beatitude
What is conscience? Conscience bound to truth
Autonomous conscience Conscience bound to truth
What is happiness? Beatitude in God
Earthly flourishing Beatitude in God
What is heaven's happiness, at its heart? The will's love and enjoyment of God
The intellect's vision of God The will's love and enjoyment of God
V

Grace and Salvation · How God saves, and whom.

How are we made right with God? Infused, transforming grace
Forensic imputation Infused, transforming grace
What is salvation for? Deification
Pardon and escape Deification
Hell and hope The many are lost
The many are lost All will be saved
Where does your eye rest in Christ: His divinity or His humanity? Between
The eternal Word made flesh The man Jesus of Nazareth
VI

Church and Society · Authority, the state, wealth and the nation.

Church and state Social kingship of Christ
Laicism Social kingship of Christ
May a Christian take up the sword? Yes: war can be just and sometimes a duty
Never: the way of the Cross is nonviolence Yes: war can be just and sometimes a duty
VII

Worship, Prayer and the Two Lungs · Liturgy, icons, the Spirit, and the See of Peter.

Icons and images Veneration of images
Iconoclasm Veneration of images
The way of prayer Between
Stillness and the Jesus Prayer Discursive meditation
The office of Peter Universal and immediate primacy
Conciliarism Universal and immediate primacy
What do the sacraments do? Efficacious ex opere operato
Signs only Efficacious ex opere operato
When the Pope speaks Every word binds
Resist and judge Every word binds
Contemplation or action? Between
Action: the apostolate and the works of mercy Contemplation: the one thing needful

A profile of your philosophical and theological leanings, measured against the settled teaching of the Catholic Church, East and West. It is a tool for examination and reading, not an instrument of judgment.

Ad maiorem Dei gloriam.