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Mystic · Modern

St. Charbel Makhlouf

1828–1898 · Maronite monastic hermit tradition

Saint Maronite

Canonized 1977; Maronite monk and hermit of Annaya.

A Lebanese Maronite monk of the Order of St. Maron who spent sixteen years in the monastery of Annaya and twenty-three in its hermitage, in silence, manual labor, fasting and nightly adoration, speaking only when required. He left no writings; his teaching is his life, and the miracles at his tomb made him the most venerated saint of the Christian East in communion with Rome.

Why he matters: The purest modern witness of the Syriac-Maronite ascetic tradition, venerated by Catholics, Orthodox and Muslims alike; he shows that the Eastern Catholic Churches hold the hermit's path as living patrimony.

Reading

  • Love Is a Radiant Light: The Life and Words of Saint Charbel
    Hanna Skandar · Reported sayings and the life, from the Annaya community.
  • Saint Charbel: Mystic of the East
    Paul Daher · The standard biography by a monk of his order.
  • Hymns on Paradise
    St. Ephrem the Syrian · The Syriac spiritual world Charbel inhabited.

Documented positions

Where this thinker stands on each dispute the test covers.

Settled teaching Its center Open question Beyond teaching, not condemned Condemned error
I

God and Being · What is, and whence it is.

How should we speak of God? Apophatic (negative) way
Apophatic (negative) way Cataphatic (analogical) way
II

Faith, Reason and Truth · How we know, and whom we trust.

Who interprets revelation? Living Tradition and Magisterium
Private judgment Living Tradition and Magisterium
Are the world's learning and arts a danger or a gift? A danger: Athens has nothing to do with Jerusalem
A danger: Athens has nothing to do with Jerusalem A gift to be baptized
III

The Human Person · Soul, body, freedom and the Fall.

Is there a spiritual soul? Immortal spiritual soul
Mind is brain Immortal spiritual soul
The body and its desires Contempt for the flesh
Contempt for the flesh Desire as its own law
What is suffering for? A share in the Cross
An evil to be relieved A share in the Cross
IV

The Moral Life · Law, virtue, conscience and the good.

What is happiness? Beatitude in God
Earthly flourishing Beatitude in God
V

Grace and Salvation · How God saves, and whom.

What is salvation for? Deification
Pardon and escape Deification
VII

Worship, Prayer and the Two Lungs · Liturgy, icons, the Spirit, and the See of Peter.

Liturgical development Receive and develop organically
Reconstruct and innovate Receive and develop organically
The way of prayer Stillness and the Jesus Prayer
Stillness and the Jesus Prayer Discursive meditation
What do the sacraments do? Efficacious ex opere operato
Signs only Efficacious ex opere operato
What are the Eastern Catholic Churches? Sister Churches with their own rights and theology
Rites of the one Roman Church Sister Churches with their own rights and theology
Contemplation or action? Contemplation: the one thing needful
Action: the apostolate and the works of mercy Contemplation: the one thing needful

A profile of your philosophical and theological leanings, measured against the settled teaching of the Catholic Church, East and West. It is a tool for examination and reading, not an instrument of judgment.

Ad maiorem Dei gloriam.